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transmission of schistosomes to human by snails (ERNEST)

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  Transmission potential of human schistosomes can be driven by resource competition among snail intermediate hosts. Predicting and disrupting transmission of human parasites from wildlife hosts or vectors remains challenging because ecological interactions can influence their epidemiological traits. Human schistosomes, parasitic flatworms that cycle between freshwater snails and humans, typify this challenge. Human exposure risk, given water contact, is driven by the production of free-living cercariae by snail populations. Conventional epidemiological models and management focus on the density of infected snails under the assumption that all snails are equally infectious. However, individual-level experiments contradict this assumption, showing increased production of schistosome cercariae with greater access to food resources. We built bioenergetics theory to predict how resource competition among snails drives the temporal dynamics of transmission potential to humans and tested the
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LARVAL MORTALITY POSSIBLE CAUSES RESEARCH (RAHIMA)

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  In BSF production processes, it is important to achieve the highest larval survival possible in order to reduce the demand for eggs and to achieve more efficiency in production. Previous small-scale studies have shown that BSFL mortality could depend on the substrate, temperature, and high water content in the substrate. BSFL mortality has been assessed in studies where there was a comparison between the different scales and densities, which also influence substrate temperature. The observed mortality values vary in different studies. For example, Myers et al. have grown the larvae on pig manure and observed more than 20% mortality, and Nguyen et al. have observed mortality values ranging from 20% to 50% based on the feed used, while Oonincx et al.also observed much higher values. The interaction between mortality and temperature is indeed an interesting topic for future research
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In Spring

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 Hell everyone.I am Mao. The cherry blossoms finally bloomed in Tsuruoka in spring.I became a 4 graduate student. And I currently preparing for my graduation research and doing for a job hunting.The graduation research is based on the Black Solder Fly.From now on, I would like to learn a lot about the Black Solder Fly and proceed with it systematically.Job hunting is about to begin in earnest, and I will conduct interviews and competency tests.I want to think about the future and pursue job hunting for the longest working life. Thank you for the reading. 春になりついに鶴岡でも桜がさきました。私は4年生になり、現在卒業研究の準備と就職活動を行っています。卒業研究はアメリカミズアブを研究テーマにしています。これからアメリカミズアブについてたくさん知り、計画的に進めていきたいです。就職活動はこれから本格的に始まります。これから、面接や適性検査が行われていきます。 社会人という1番長い人生を生きることになるのでこれからの社会人生活のために将来のことを考えてしっかり考えていきたいです。 Writer Mao
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WATERFOWLS IN SHIMO-IKE OYAMA (ARYA)

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 Waterfowl population is becoming the concern among researcher and environmentalist. The population decrease caused by the decreasing of wetlands number. In 1971, The Ramsar Convention was adopted where many countries agree to preserve with wise of wetlands, especially for waterfowls. The agreement held in Iran and Japan one of participant. The Ramsar Convention advocates the wise use of wetland by human or industries needs in harmony with the environmental. In Oyama area, Shimo-ike was built for agricultural purpose but this lake also become habitat for more than 20.000 birds, for instance swans, wild ducks and wild geese. This reservoir meet the standard of the Ramsar Convention and registered as the first Ramsar site in Yamagata Prefecture. To access this place you can use car, public bus or bicycle. If you use bicycle like me, it will take 20-30 minute there. My recommendation, please come in the autumn time closed with the winter season as you will see many waterfowls here. Hopefu
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HUMIDITY IN RELATION TO BSF REARING(RAHIMA)

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  Black soldier flies are known to be extremely temperature-sensitive. Moreover, they are also highly sensitive to humidity as well. This variable has considerable implications on egg eclosion and hatching. Low humidity levels result in water loss through the egg membrane and additional desiccation. In a scientific paper published by L.A. Holmes, 25% relative humidity causes higher rates of desiccation and higher mortality rates on black soldier fly eggs. At 70% RH, adults lived 2-3days longer than adult black soldier flies subjected to lower RH levels. Therefore, the higher the humidity of a given environment, the higher the chances for a more successful colony. Eclosion and hatching at lower RH levels; however, is still possible. Relative humidity of 30-90% promotes mating and oviposition when eggs and larvae are reared in a 27 ° C environment. The wide range of relative humidity is indicative of Hermetia illucens ability to adapt given the temperature is consistent. In indoor reari
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HAZARD VS. RISK-BASED APPROACHES TO PROTECTING HEALTH (ERNEST)

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                                               HAZARD VS. RISK-BASED APPROACHES TO PROTECTING                             HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT FROM PESTICIDES                                                                      April 2021     What’s the difference between a hazard and risk-based approach? These two approaches are often presented as opposing. However, this is a misrepresentation of risk management. ‘Hazard’ is the potential for a chemical (in this case a pesticide) to cause harm to human health or the environment; Risk , on the other hand , is the probability that the harmful outcome happens. Hazard cannot be separated from risk; it is an integral part of it. Pesticide risk management focuses on reducing the probability (and hence frequency), that people or the  environment will be exposed to pesticides. The hazard-based approach to pesticide regulation is founded on the principle that if an active substance possesses certain hazardous character
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Apple snails（SATO)

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ジャンボタニシって面白いですよね。いや、いろいろな意味でです、研究とかもちろんですが。他にもそうそう食べると結構うまい。インドネシアに行くとね、結構食べる場面あります。焼き鳥のようにして甘いたれで食べる。それが結構うまい。在来種のタニシよりも旨いっていう人がほとんど。そうそうこれ外来種で、日本の場合は台湾からきたといわれてます。  Apple snails are very interesting snails of a variety of snails. Because of its color, shocking pink, many of us feel uncomfortable when we find these eggs in the field. In fact, they cause much damage to rice plants, and their eggs are poisonous, and there are not many consumers of these eggs. But the taste is ok. Some people say this is better than native snails. Well, the apple snails are not native, but invasive species originally from South America, but the origin of the Japanese population came from Taiwan. Anyway, you may find this eaten occasionally in Indonesia, and surely you will like it.
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